Ture o te ture ngaio tīmata i roto i te Meiji Fakafoki mai
I roto i te fenua Tapone, te rōia i te ture ki te hanga i nga turanga o te whenua o te ture o te haporiMua, Japanese tikanga haamau i te pare o te ture te whai wāhi, e hāngai ana i runga Confucianism whakaakoranga, a Japanese te mau parau tumu o te au tangata i kawea mai ki te aroaro o te kōti mō tētahi taihara ranei civil mea i tukua e tūmatanui, me te tūmataiti whakaitinga, mai ratou i te hono fakahohaasi ai te au maite. Otiia, i te rau tau, innkeepers i roto i te Edo ka anga whakahere ohie ratonga ture mō ngā manuhiri. I te rau tau, i ngā tohutoro ka tīmata ki te puta i roto i te Japanese tuhinga i runga i te tūranga o te 'Pākehā' te ture. Mana e mōhiotia ana ture i roto i te ngā māngai ture, te mau tamataraa, e mohiotia ana ko daigennin, ka tīmata ki te puta i te pokapū o te rau tau. Kahore he ture whakangungu e hiahiatia ana ki te waiho i te daigennin. I roto i te tau, i te Waehere Taihara i whakatikaina, i te mohio ki te matau ki te ture kanohi i roto i te taihara te tamataraa. Te āhua o te kanohi i te tamataraa, e mohiotia ana ko te Procurator, i hoatu i te mana o te kāwanatanga. Na roto i te kotahitanga, ēngari hoatu i te modicum o te mana tūnga ki te daigennin. Te kāwanatanga hoki e hiahiatia ana i te whakatūnga o te pae associations i te tahi i te kōti ā-rohe o, a i te tau, i te Rōia o te Ture i promulgated, mana te ture i te ture te tikanga e whakatakoto paerewa me te pai kia rite legitimatize, rōia i te ture. Ko te Rōia Ture i promulgated i roto i te tau, i te mana i whakatakotoria i raro i te misioni o te rōia i te ture, kia rite ki te pai kia rite ki te haamauraa i te tahi atu whakaritenga mo te hunga i roto i te tikanga. Te ture tikanga i roto i te Japan (hoso) kei roto kaiwhakawa, prosecutors, me te rōia.
I roto i te Japan, kaiwhakawa e kore e kua tīpakohia i ite i te ture, engari hei utu mo e kua tīpakohia i muri i te-tau kotahi o te whakahauanga 'te Ture Training Research Institute'.
Neke atu i te kotahi rau ngā whare wānanga whai i te paetahi ture manga, i te tikanga o e rave rahi te iwi te ako i te ture i te taumata paetahi, me te haere atu te mahi mo te kamupene i roto i te tūranga e ko te auauhia, ki te ture. Heoi, ki te riro i te rōia, i te mea e tika ana ki te haere ki te kura ture, i haere i te pae whakamātautau, me te whakaoti i te LTRI. Ka rite ki o August, i reira e, rōia rēhita ki te pae associations i roto i te Japan, i runga i te, i roto i te April. E tika ana ki te ngā tikanga ahurea, Japanese kua whakamahia uaua whakawa rite ki te tikanga ki te whakatau i ngā tautohetohe. Ki te te ara o ārai-te raruraru, me te mergers te ao, heoi, Japan, ko te e anga i te kaimahi o te ture, me te kāwanatanga kua whakaaetia ngä whare wänanga ki te whakahere i te paetahi akoranga i runga i te ture, i roto i te tikanga ki te noho i te kaimahi. Ko te tata te pana ki te whakaputa i te ture kua hoki kua kitea i roto i te tatauranga o te ture o te hapori, te wahi. te toru o te ture ruri anake kua uru ki te pae no te iti iho i te rima tau. Tīmata i te utu mo Japanese rōia kei te nuinga a tawhio noa, kotahi tekau miriona yen (US tara) i whakapumautia i roto i te umanga ture, me te e pā ana ki te hawhe rite ki te nui i roto i te kamupene Japanese. I roto i te whare-runanga, kei te tonu te āhua onge i roto i te fenua Tapone, ki te anake o te, rēhita bengoshi mahi i roto i te ture rangatōpū tari rite o hānuere o te tau. Japanese bengoshi te whai i tētahi tohu whētui titi o te toenga karapotia e te te parāoa, aua tohu i te ture herekore (putirā) me te tika i te ōritetanga (toenga). Ke umanga ture kua tukua ki te utu Japanese rōia mai i te, a te tahi mau taua umanga pērā i Morrison Foerster me te Ma Take kua hanga nui Japanese ture ngā mahi e hapai kāinga take mō te kāinga kiritaki. I te tahi ngā umanga ke, e hanga bengoshi mahi i raro i tenei pūnaha, pērā i Linklaters me te Allen Overy, te whai mai downsized ranei whakakorea to ratou bengoshi kapa, ētahi atu i te wā, pērā i Herbert Smith Freehills pōtitia ki te whakawhirinaki i runga i te tuku i ngā hononga ki te Nui e Whā ngā umanga ture, kaua ki te whakataetae ki a ratou na roto i te mahi bengoshi i roto i te u. Ki te maha iti okotahi, te rōia i te ture e hiahiatia ana e te ki te haere i te motu pae whakamātautau aru e te tau kotahi o te karahipi, te mātakitaki i te Ture, Rangahau, me te Whakangungu Institute o te Hupirimi Kooti o te fenua Tapone. Te reira i te te ture kura ano o hōngongoi i roto i te Japan. Tono i roto i te ture kura i roto i te fenua Tapone, kua heke koi i te āhua, ki te kaitono i roto i te ki te āhua, i roto i. Ko te tika tenei ki te nui te akoranga, te uaua o te kimi mahi, me te-i mua i te whakamātautau nei te whakauru kua nui.
Hua whakamutunga i whakaputaina i roto i te waenganui-noema
Te momo o quasi-ture e ārai i te āpiha (benrishi), tāke āpiha (zerishi), ture scriveners (shiho shoshi), me te whakahaere scriveners (gyosei shoshi). I mua i te tau, i te pae whakamātautau i ngā o e toru ngā wāhanga. Ko te wā tuatahi, puritia i roto i te Mei, i ngā o e ono tekau kōwhiringa maha ngā pātai e pā ana ki te ture, ture, ā-ture, me te ture taihara.
Ko te wāhanga tuarua, puritia i runga i rua nga ra i roto i te hōngongoi, i ngā o te tekau ma rua pātai tuhinga roa e pā ana ki te ture, ture, ā-ture, ture taihara, commercial law, civil tukanga ture taihara tukanga ture.
Te wāhanga whakamutunga, i tū i te marama o oketopa, i te waha o te whakamātautau e pā ana ki te ture, ture, ā-ture, ture taihara, ā-tikanga ture, me te taihara tukanga ture. I te toharite, te, te iwi i tangohia i te wā tuatahi, tohu mō te wāhanga tuarua, me te anake, e rima rau taau mo te whakamātautau ā-waha ia tau, ia tau. I roto i te, he hou te pae whakamātautau na'e fokotu'u ki e rua anake ngā wāhanga. Ko te wā tuatahi ko te kotahi-ra-poto te whakahoki i te whakamātautau mo te ono ture me te whakahaere i te ture. Ko te wāhanga tuarua, ko te toru-te ra tuhinga whakamātautau mo te iwi whānui te ture, ā-ture, me te ture taihara, me ngā kaupapa e taea te tīpakohia e te examinee (tae atu ki ngā mahi ture, i te taiao ture, ngā ture o te ao, me te tūmataiti ture o te ao). I tua atu, i te ture kura whakaritenga i whakaurua Katoa pae whakamātautau kaiuru me te whakaoti i te rua, e toru-tau paetahi ture i te hōtaka, me te iti e ki te tango i te whakamātautau i roto i te rima tau i muri i tu'ite.
Te hunga e kore e puta i te kura ture kia tangohia te pae whakamātautau i muri i haere i te tuatahi āhei whakamātautau('Yobi-Shiken').
Engari ki te haere i te tuatahi whakamātautau tonu i te iti ara, me te nuinga o te iwi e te i te ture o te kura. I roto i te, te auau haere, mo te mua-whakamātautau i te toru. Tenei ara e āhei ki te tīpoka i te kura ture, me te kupu te karo i te aufauraa i tiketike akoranga. Japanese Pae exam mohiotia te rite ki tetahi o te tino uaua te whakamātautau i roto i te ao. Ahakoa i te pae pass rates kei te whiwhi ki runga ake i muri i te pūtāuta ki te whakahou i te tau, anake i a tawhio noa te rua tekau o te ture kura paetahi te haere i te pae.
Na reira, ki te tihi o te ture kura i roto i te fenua Tapone, kei te whakataetae ki te tahi i te tahi na roto i te whakatutuki i te teitei pae pass rate.
Ka taea e ngā ākonga te anake te ngana ki te haere i te pae rima nga wa, i muri nei ratou e akiri koutou. Tae noa ki te tau, ka taea e te anake te ngana ki te pae whakamātautau e toru nga wa. Te nuinga o ngā ākonga te ako i te motuhake tūmataiti kura i roto i te tikanga ki te haere i te pae i te whakamātautau, i roto i tua atu ki te kura ture. Ko te tau toharite o te hunga e haere i te pae i te whakamātautau, ko te - tau. Te hunga kua haere i te pae i te whakamātautau te whai wāhi i roto i te kotahi tau te tukanga whakangungu mō te ako i ngā pūkenga mahi (te pūkenga mō te kaiwhakawa, prosecutors, me te ture) i roto i te LTRI. Te whakangungu i te LTRI ngā o ngā whakangungu (ngā akomanga i roto i te akomanga) mara whakangungu (apprentices ki te kaiwhakawa, prosecutors me te tari ture). LTRI hāngai ana i runga i te whakaako i te whakawakanga, pūkenga. A, no te te ākonga te haere i te whakamātautau whakamutunga (nikai shiken) i te LTRI, ratou hei kaiwhakaako o te ture, te whakawa kahore ranei kaiwhakawa. Prosecutors kaiwhakawa, me te e whiriwhiria e te LTRI I roto i te tua ki te haere i te pae whakamātautau, he rōia, me te waiho i te mema o te pae association mō te prefecture te wahi i te ture te tari kei te. E ai ki te rangahau e te Japanese Kotahitanga o te Pae Associations (JFBA). te wha o nga mea katoa i te ture no te ki te toru Tokyo pae associations (Tokyo Bar Association, te Tuatahi Tokyo Bar Association, me te Tuarua Tokyo Bar Association). Rite o pipiri, i reira he, wahine rōia i roto i te fenua Tapone e i uru ki te pae, e whai wähi e pā ana ki te tekau ma waru o Japanese te ture. I mua i te Pakanga II o te Ao, te rōia tohu i roto i te whenua ke i taea e te uru atu i te Japanese pae motuhake ki te whakaaetanga i te Kōti Matua. Teie mau taata i tukuna ki te rite quasi-te mau melo o te pae. Kahore noho i roto i te mahi i tenei ra Te quasi-mema whakakahoretia ana e te hanganga ture i roto i te tau, me ka whakakapi i te rōia ke i te ture mema i te tau. Rōia i roto i Okinawa kua oti nei te uru i rite te USA te rōia i mua i te repatriation i roto i te tau i uru Japanese rōia. Ko ratou whakarōpūtia i te Japanese Kotahitanga o te Pae Associations (JFBA) 'Motuhake i te mau melo i roto i Okinawa', me te iwa o ratou he tonu i roto i te mahi rite o August. Nui ngā umanga ture kua whakaritea i roto i Tokyo, Osaka, me te tahi atu pa nui, me te kua tupu tino i roto i te tau tata. Mai i te tau, enei ture ngā umanga e taea hoki te whakauru mai te rite ki te mau melo i roto i to ratou ake tika. Ko ratou whakarōpūtia i te JFBA te rite te Ture i te Tikanga Kaporeihana, me kahore e ngā umanga ture i piri ki te pae i roto i tenei aravihi rite o August.
